最終更新:ID:0HPzSZwi0g 2017年03月05日(日) 18:31:25履歴
The picture underneath is a RGB conversion of the YUV422 file sent by the camera.
- nao Video camera
- pepper 2D Cameras
Best performance on the robot is achieved when processing directly the native colorspace provided by the camera: YUV422. For other colorspaces, a conversion is done by the ALVideoDevice module, so processing times are ranked as follow for the main colorspaces:
YUV422 < Yuv < YUV < RGB/BGR < HSY (close to HSV/HSL colorspaces in term of functionality, but faster to process).
YUV colorspace is convenient as it is more powerful than RGB:
- luminance is in the Y channel so don’t need to average the three RGB layers to get a grey level image,
- chrominance is purely embedded in both U and V channels, so it’s easier to work on colors compared to RGB for which luminance and chrominance are correlated.
Providing uncorrelated luminance and chrominance channels, it brings almost the same advantages than HSV/HSL without spending as much CPU time for processing it.
Limitations
Currently on ATOM CPU, requesting more than 5fps 1280x960 HD images remotely (getImageRemote) is bringing some frame drops. So we recommend not to go over 5fps HD images if you want to get them through the network. If all modules processing HD images are calling them locally (getImageLocal), there is no such limitation.
Here are the observed framerates when requesting uncompressed YUV422 images on NAO v4 (*).
local | Gb Ethernet | 100Mb Ethernet | WiFi g | |
40x30 (QQQQVGA) | 30fps | 30fps | 30fps | 30fps |
80x60 (QQQVGA) | 30fps | 30fps | 30fps | 30fps |
160x120 (QQVGA) | 30fps | 30fps | 30fps | 30fps |
320x240 (QVGA) | 30fps | 30fps | 30fps | 11fps |
640x480 (VGA) | 30fps | 30fps | 12fps | 2.5fps |
1280x960 (4VGA) | 29fps | 10fps | 3fps | 0.5fps |
- Remote performance might vary with the client network configuration.
- On Windows, Monitor is usually appearing as blocked at 21fps. Other remote modules don’t suffer such a limitation.
- GB Ethernet performance with 1280x960 was observed on WinXP.
Step | Action |
1. | Make your vision module subscribe to the ALVideoDevice proxy by calling ALVideoDeviceProxy::subscribeCamera and passing it parameters such as resolution, color space and frame rate. |
2. | In the main process loop, get an image by calling ALVideoDeviceProxy::getImageLocal or ALVideoDeviceProxy::getImageRemote (depending on whether your module is local or remote). |
3. | Release the image calling ALVideoDeviceProxy::releaseImage, |
4. | When you stop your module, call ALVideoDeviceProxy::unsubscribe after exiting the main loop. |
It is a large and powerful library dedicated to vision processing. We are currently using OpenCV 2.4.
For further details about OpenCV, see http://opencv.willowgarage.com/wiki/.
See also the tutorial: Using OpenCV.
The robot’s camera provides natively YUV422 color images.
pYUV is a multiplatform (Windows, Mac and Linux) freeware and can be downloaded from its main page: http://dsplab.diei.unipg.it/pyuv_raw_video_sequenc... or other sites.
This software can display several non common image and video formats.
Main settings
- Size: Custom with 1280x960, 640x480, 320x240 or 160x120 depending on the resolution used for recording
- Color space: YUV
- Subsampling: 4:2:2
- Ordering: YUY2
- Interleaved: checked
- Anamorphic: unchecked
- Bits per sample: 8
- Header bytes: 32
Conversion methods can be useful to translate coordinates to angles and vice versa. For example, if a detection process returns the position of an object in pixels, this position can be converted to angles and passed to ALMotionProxy::setAngles to make the robot look in the direction of the detected object.
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